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Ketevan the Martyr ((グルジア語:ქეთევან წამებული), ''ketevan tsamebuli'') (c. 1560 – September 13, 1624) was a queen of Kakheti, a kingdom in eastern Georgia. She was killed at Shiraz, Iran, after prolonged tortures by the Safavid suzerains of Georgia for refusing to give up the Christian faith and convert to Islam. ==Life== Ketevan was born to Prince Ashotan of Mukhrani (Bagrationi) and married Prince David of Kakheti, the future David I, king of Kakheti from 1601 to 1602. After David’s death, Ketevan engaged in religious building and charity. However, when David’s brother Constantine I killed his reigning father, Alexander II, and usurped the crown with the Safavid Iranian support in 1605, Ketevan rallied the Kakhetian nobles against the patricide and routed Constantine’s loyal force. The usurper died in battle. According to the Safavid official and chronicler, Fażli Ḵuzāni, Ketevan showed characteristic mercy to Constantine's surviving supporters and his Qizilbash officers. She ordered that the wounded enemy soldiers be treated accordingly and accepted in service if they desired. The Muslim merchants, who suffered in the war, were compensated and set free. Ketevan had Constantine's body laid in rest and sent to Ardebil. After the uprising she negotiated with Shah Abbas I of Iran who was the suzerain over Georgia, to confirm her underage son, Teimuraz I, as king of Kakheti, while she assumed the function of a regent. In 1614, sent by Teimuraz as a negotiator to Shah Abbas, Ketevan effectively surrendered herself as an honorary hostage in a failed attempt to prevent Kakheti from being attacked by the Iranian armies. She was held in Shiraz for several years until Abbas I, in an act of revenge for the recalcitrance of Teimuraz, ordered the queen to renounce Christianity, and upon her refusal, had her tortured to death with red-hot pincers in 1624. Portions of her relics were clandestinely taken by the St. Augustine Portuguese Catholic missioners, eyewitnesses of her martyrdom, to Georgia where they were interred at the Alaverdi Monastery.〔Suny, Ronald Grigor (1994), ''The Making of the Georgian Nation: 2nd edition'', pp. 50-51. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-20915-3.〕 The rest of her remains were said to have been buried at the St. Augustine Church in Goa, India. After several expeditions to Goa in the 21st century to search for the remains, they were believed to be found in late 2013.〔(Georgians seek buried bones of martyred queen ). ''The Guardian''. June 25, 2000. Cited by ''The Iranian''. Accessed on October 26, 2007.〕〔〔(Georgia - Basic facts ). Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. February, 2007. Accessed on October 26, 2007.〕〔(It is Confirmed, Relic Found in Goa is of a Georgian Queen ). 'The New Indian Express'. December 23, 2013. Accessed on January 7, 2014.〕 Queen Ketevan was canonized by Patriarch Zachary of Georgia (1613–1630), and September 13 (corresponding to September 26 in the modern Gregorian calendar) was instituted by the Georgian Orthodox Church as the day of her commemoration. The account of Ketevan's martyrdom related by the Augustinians missioners were exploited by her son, Teimuraz, in his poem ''The Book and Passion of Queen Ketevan'' (წიგნი და წამება ქეთევან დედოფლისა, ''ts'igni da ts'ameba ketevan dedoplisa''; 1625) as well as by the German author Andreas Gryphius in his classical tragedy ''Katharine von Georgien'' (1657).〔Rayfield, Donald (2000), ''The Literature of Georgia: A History'', pp. 105-106. Routledge, ISBN 0-7007-1163-5.〕 The Georgian monk Grigol Dodorkeli-Vakhvakhishvili of the David Gareja Monastery was another near-contemporaneous author whose writings, a hagiographic work as well as several hymns, focus on Ketevan's life and martyrdom. The Scottish poet William Forsyth composed the poem ''The Martyrdom of Kelavane'' (1861), based on Jean Chardin's account of Ketevan's death.〔Forsyth, William (1861), (''The Martydom of Kelavane'' ), p. iii. London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co..〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ketevan the Martyr」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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